ANOMALIAS MORFOLÓGICAS ASSOCIADAS À FORMAÇÃO DO SLEEVE GÁSTRICO: IMPLICAÇÕES ANATÔMICAS E CLÍNICAS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n2-080Palavras-chave:
Sleeve Gástrico, Gastrectomia Vertical, Manga Gástrica, Obesidade, Estenose e Técnica Cirúrgica Para Tratamento da ObesidadeResumo
A obesidade constitui um importante desafio de saúde pública, consolidando um aumento de morbimortalidade e elevados custos socioeconômicos, sobretudo em decorrência das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Diante das limitações das terapias conservadoras, a cirurgia bariátrica, em especial a gastrectomia vertical (GV), consolida-se como estratégia eficaz no tratamento da obesidade grave. Contudo, alterações anatômicas decorrentes da GV podem resultar em anomalias morfológicas e repercussões funcionais relevantes, como a doença do refluxo gastroesofágico (DRGE), estenoses e torções gástricas. Assim, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar, por meio de uma revisão de literatura, as implicações anatômicas e clínicas da GV. O estudo foi conduzido a partir de artigos científicos indexados no Pubmed, entre 2020 e 2025, avaliando-se os efeitos anatômicos, fisiológicos e clínicos da GV, com enfoque nas complicações pós-operatórias e resultados metabólicos. Após a leitura na íntegra e aplicação de critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram selecionados 42 artigos. Os resultados evidenciam a perda ponderal significativa e sustentada, com melhora das comorbidades metabólicas na GV. No entanto, a ausência de padronização e as diversas técnicas empregadas contribuem para a heterogeneidade nos desfechos funcionais, podendo ocasionar importantes modificações anatômicas e corroborar com uma incidência elevada de complicações. Assim, o reconhecimento precoce das alterações morfológicas e o acompanhamento pós-operatório rigoroso e manejo multidisciplinar são fundamentais para otimizar os desfechos clínicos, reduzir a necessidade de cirurgias revisionais e preservar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. Conclui-se que a eficácia e a segurança da GV dependem não apenas da redução volumétrica do estômago, mas também do equilíbrio entre o benefício metabólico, preservação funcional e aperfeiçoamento da técnica.
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