LA IMPORTANCIA DEL MODELO DE ASOCIACIÓN EN LA ACELERACIÓN DEL PROGRAMA DE REPLANTACIÓN DE PEQUEÑOS PRODUCTORES DE PALMA DE ACEITE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n1-128Palabras clave:
Palma de Aceite, Pequeños Productores, Programa de Replantación, Modelo de Asociación, RSLResumen
La palma de aceite es una mercancía estratégica para la economía de Indonesia, donde los pequeños productores cultivan más del 40% del área nacional de plantaciones. Sin embargo, el envejecimiento de las plantaciones —con más del 30% que supera los 25 años— hace necesarios esfuerzos de replantación a gran escala. A pesar del apoyo gubernamental a través del programa Peremajaan Sawit Rakyat (PSR), la implementación sigue siendo subóptima debido a las barreras estructurales que enfrentan los pequeños productores, entre ellas el acceso limitado al financiamiento, a plántulas certificadas, a la asistencia técnica y a mercados confiables. Abordar estas limitaciones requiere modelos de asociación eficaces que integren a los actores a lo largo de la cadena de valor del aceite de palma. Este estudio tiene como objetivo explorar cómo los modelos de asociación facilitan la participación y el éxito de los pequeños productores en los programas nacionales de replantación de palma de aceite, superando las limitaciones estructurales. Mediante un enfoque de Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura (RSL), esta investigación cualitativa analiza 28 artículos científicos revisados por pares, publicados entre 2019 y 2025. Los datos se recopilaron a partir de bases académicas mediante búsquedas por palabras clave y protocolos de selección PRISMA. Se empleó el análisis temático para categorizar los tipos de asociación, los actores clave, los mecanismos operativos y los resultados reportados. Los resultados indican que los modelos de asociación inclusivos e híbridos, que combinan la participación del sector privado con el apoyo público, logran mayor éxito en la mejora del acceso a recursos financieros, materiales de plantación certificados y servicios de extensión. Asimismo, una sólida coordinación institucional y mecanismos de construcción de confianza incrementan las tasas de adopción y la sostenibilidad de los programas. La revisión subraya la necesidad de una colaboración adaptativa y multiactor, ajustada a los contextos locales. En conclusión, los modelos de asociación son fundamentales para acelerar el éxito de la replantación de palma de aceite por parte de pequeños productores. Investigaciones futuras deberían centrarse en estudios longitudinales y evaluaciones comparativas de políticas para profundizar la comprensión sobre la escalabilidad de los modelos y su impacto a largo plazo.
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