SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF ENDODONTIC TREATMENT: IMPROVEMENTS IN GLYCEMIC CONTROL, LIPID PROFILE, AND INFLAMMATORY MARKERS

Abstract

Objective: To critically synthesize current evidence on the systemic effects of root canal treatment (RCT), particularly its impact on metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers associated with cardiometabolic diseases.

Methodology: A narrative review was conducted based on recent clinical, translational, and mechanistic studies investigating the relationship between apical periodontitis, endodontic treatment, and systemic health outcomes. Relevant literature was identified through electronic databases and institutional reports, with emphasis on longitudinal clinical studies evaluating changes in circulating biomarkers following successful RCT.

Results: Apical periodontitis has been consistently associated with increased systemic inflammatory burden, bacteremia, and alterations in metabolic pathways linked to cardiometabolic risk. Successful RCT appears to mitigate these effects by eliminating the infectious source. Longitudinal evidence demonstrates improvements in glycemic control, including significant reductions in blood glucose levels, as well as short-term improvements in lipid profiles such as cholesterol and fatty acids. Additionally, reductions in systemic inflammatory markers have been observed following treatment, supporting a decrease in overall inflammatory burden. These findings suggest a biological link between oral infection control and systemic metabolic regulation.

Conclusion: Current evidence indicates that successful root canal treatment may contribute to improved systemic health by reducing inflammation and positively influencing metabolic parameters. Although causality cannot yet be firmly established, these findings reinforce the concept of oral-systemic interconnection and highlight the importance of integrating dental care into broader strategies for cardiometabolic disease prevention.