EMERGENCY PROTOCOLS AND CLINICAL MANAGEMENT IN THE TREATMENT OF ECLAMPSIA

Abstract

Objective: To analyze contemporary scientific evidence on emergency protocols, clinical management, and risk factors associated with eclampsia and pre-eclampsia. Methodology: Narrative literature review based on clinical trials and systematic reviews extracted from the PubMed and Cochrane Library databases, using descriptors standardized by Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). Results: Magnesium sulfate remains the treatment of choice for the prevention and control of eclamptic crises, showing superiority compared to other anticonvulsants. In severe hypertensive emergencies, intravenous hydralazine, intravenous labetalol, and oral nifedipine constitute the main therapeutic options for safe blood pressure control. The relevance of late postpartum eclampsia, frequently preceded by persistent and refractory headache, is also highlighted. In the preventive context, the use of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid between the 12th and 16th weeks of gestation significantly reduces the incidence of pre-eclampsia in high-risk pregnant women. Conclusion: Reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality associated with pre-eclampsia and eclampsia depends on the integration of prevention strategies and early screening during prenatal care, and the rigorous application of specialized care protocols during obstetric emergencies.