EVALUACIÓN DE MICROPLÁSTICOS EN HÍGADO, RIÑÓN, CEREBRO Y MÚSCULO DEL PEZ CYPHOCHARAX VOGA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n5-005Palabras clave:
Microplásticos, Cyphocharax voga, Nile Red, Bioacumulación, Contaminación de Agua DulceResumen
La contaminación por microplásticos (MPs) representa una amenaza emergente para la salud de los ecosistemas acuáticos. Este estudio investigó las concentraciones de MPs en los tejidos de hígado, cerebro, riñón y músculo de individuos de la especie Cyphocharax voga recolectados en el Río dos Sinos, un recurso hídrico ubicado en una región urbanizada del sur de Brasil. Utilizando la tinción con Nile Red y microscopía de fluorescencia, se determinaron las concentraciones de MPs por gramo de tejido y se identificaron según su forma y tamaño. La mayor concentración media de MPs por gramo se observó en el tejido cerebral (192 ± 124 MP/g), seguida por el hígado (65 ± 37 MP/g), el riñón (47 ± 25 MP/g) y el tejido muscular (39 ± 24 MP/g). El análisis reveló diferencias significativas en la concentración de MPs entre los sexos de los peces en los tejidos hepático y cerebral. También se observó una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre riñón e hígado (r = -0,520; p = 0,019), así como entre riñón y cerebro (r = -0,424; p = 0,039). En cuanto a la morfología de los MPs, los fragmentos fueron la forma predominante en todos los órganos y en el tejido muscular, presentando diferencias significativas en comparación con las demás formas (espumas/films, esferas y fibras). Estos resultados demuestran la presencia de MPs en todos los tejidos analizados y destacan el cerebro como un órgano sensible para estudios de biomonitoreo. Este trabajo aporta información relevante sobre la ocurrencia de MPs en peces de agua dulce y puede contribuir a futuros estudios sobre los riesgos que estos contaminantes representan para los ambientes acuáticos, ya que estos organismos pueden servir como modelos para otros vertebrados y potencialmente para los seres humanos.
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