USO DE MÉTODOS MÁS SOSTENIBLES PARA LA EXTRACCIÓN DE QUITINA DE LARVAS DE MOSCA SOLDADO NEGRA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n5-088Palabras clave:
Matriz, Larvas, Hermetia illucens L, Extracción, PolisacáridoResumen
Las principales fuentes del polisacárido quitina son los caparazones de crustáceos generados como residuos de las actividades pesqueras. Sin embargo, la extracción de quitina mediante esta metodología es un proceso altamente costoso y contaminante. Con el fin de minimizar el uso de agentes químicos, el presente trabajo tuvo como principal objetivo buscar nuevas matrices para la extracción de quitina que permitan metodologías utilizando agentes químicos ambientalmente sostenibles. La matriz elegida fue la larva de Hermetia illucens L., y el proceso de extracción del polisacárido fue diseñado teniendo en cuenta la propiedad física de la quitina de ser soluble en un sistema acuoso caliente. La metodología consistió inicialmente en la extracción del aceite de las larvas de H. illucens mediante maceración con diclorometano y, posteriormente, las larvas fueron sometidas a extracción en caliente en autoclave con presión y temperatura controladas, utilizando agua como solvente. El extracto acuoso fue enfriado y se añadió etanol frío, lo que favoreció la precipitación del polisacárido. El polisacárido fue evaluado mediante FTIR y RMN y, al comparar los datos con la literatura, se concluyó que la metodología propuesta fue eficiente para extraer γ-quitina.
Descargas
Referencias
1. Hamed, I., Özogul, F., & Regenstein, J. M. (2016). Industrial applications of crustacean by-products (chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharides): A review. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 48, 40–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2015.11.007
2. Campana-Filho, S. P., et al. (2007). Extraction, structures, and properties of alpha- and beta-chitin. Química Nova, 30(3), 644–650. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-40422007000300026
3. Ben Aoun, R., et al. (2024). Towards a greener future: Exploring the challenges of extraction of chitin and chitosan as bioactive polysaccharides. Materials Today Communications, 39, 108761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.108761
4. Kurita, K. (2006). Chitin and chitosan: Functional biopolymers from marine crustaceans. Marine Biotechnology, 8(3), 203–226. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-005-0097-5
5. Alabaraoye, E., Achilonu, M., & Hester, R. (2018). Biopolymer (Chitin) from various marine seashell wastes: Isolation and characterization. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 26(6), 2207–2218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10924-017-1118-y
6. Triunfo, M., et al. (2022). Characterization of chitin and chitosan derived from Hermetia illucens, a further step in a circular economy process. Scientific Reports, 12(1), 6613. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-10423-5
7. Rinaudo, M. (2006). Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications. Progress in Polymer Science, 31(7), 603–632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2006.06.002
8. Pinto, A. S. (2014). Optimization of processes for obtaining chitin and chitosan from the exoskeleton of Amazonian shrimp (Macrobrachium amazonicum, Heller, 1863) [Dissertação de mestrado, Federal University of Pará]. https://ppgcta.propesp.ufpa.br/ARQUIVOS/dissertacoes/2014/Andrea%20Pinto.pdf
9. Global Chitin Market Size. (2024). Chemical & Material Research. Verified Market Research. https://www.verifiedmarketresearch.com/product/chitin-market/
10. Basawa, R., et al. (2023). Repurposing chitin-rich seafood waste for warm-water fish farming. Heliyon, 9(7), e18197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18197
11. Moura, C., Muszinski, P., Schimidt, C., Almeida, J., & Pinto, L. (2007). Chitin and chitosan produced from shrimp and crab waste: Evaluation of the process on a pilot scale. Vetor - Journal of Exact Sciences and Engineering, 16(1), 37–45. https://periodicos.furg.br/vetor/article/download/294/85
12. Silva, G. D. P., & Hesselberg, T. (2020). A review of the use of Black Soldier Fly larvae, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), to compost organic waste in tropical regions. Neotropical Entomology, 49(2), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-019-00719-z
13. Spinelli, R., et al. (2018). Using Black Soldier Flies (Hermetia illucens) to bioconvert waste from the livestock production chain: A life cycle assessment case study. In Waste Management and the Environment IX (pp. 47–58). https://doi.org/10.2495/WM180051
14. Santos, S. S., et al. (2021). Protein and lauric oil production from agricultural waste bioconversion by Hermetia illucens larvae. Revista Virtual de Química, 13(4), 959–968. https://doi.org/10.21577/1984-6835.20210028
15. Tomberlin, J. K., & Sheppard, D. C. (2002). Factors influencing mating and oviposition of Black Soldier Flies (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in a colony. Journal of Entomological Science, 37(4), 345–352. https://doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-37.4.345
16. Bosch, G., et al. (2014). Protein quality of insects as potential ingredients for dog and cat foods. Journal of Nutritional Science, 3, e29. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2014.23
17. Bußler, S., et al. (2016). Recovery and techno-functionality of flours and proteins from two edible insect species: Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. Heliyon, 2(12), e00218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2016.e00218
18. Caligiani, A., et al. (2018). Composition of Black Soldier Fly prepupae and systematic approaches for extraction and fractionation of proteins, lipids and chitin. Food Research International, 105, 812–820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.12.012
19. Finke, M. D. (2013). Complete nutrient content of four species of feeder insects. Zoo Biology, 32(1), 27–36. https://doi.org/10.1002/zoo.21012
20. Meneguz, M., et al. (2018). Effect of rearing substrate on growth performance, waste reduction efficiency and chemical composition of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 98(15), 5776–5784. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.9127
21. Hahn, T., et al. (2022). Purification of chitin from pupal exuviae of the black soldier fly. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 13(4), 1993–2008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-021-01645-1
22. Aoum, R. B., et al. (2024). Towards a greener future: Exploring the challenges of extraction of chitin and chitosan as bioactive polysaccharides. Materials Today Communications, 39, 108761. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.108761
23. Zainol Abidin, N. A., et al. (2020). The potential of insects as alternative sources of chitin: A review on chemical extraction methods from various sources. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21(12), 4978. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21124978
24. Mei, Z., Kuzhir, P., & Godeau, G. (2024). Update on chitin and chitosan from insects: Sources, production, characterization, and biomedical applications. Biomimetics, 9(5), 297. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics9050297
25. Yan, N., & Chen, X. (2015). Sustainability: Don’t waste seafood waste. Nature, 524(7564), 155–157. https://doi.org/10.1038/524155a
26. Mersmann, L., Souza, V. G. L., & Fernando, A. L. (2025). Green processes for chitin and chitosan production from insects: Current state, challenges, and opportunities. Polymers, 17(9), 1185. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17091185
27. Devic, E., & Fahmi, M. R. (2013). Technical handbook of domestication and production of Diptera Black Soldier Fly (BSFL) Hermetia illucens, Stratiomyidae. In Biology of Hermetia illucens (chap. 1, pp. 2–10). https://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/pleins_textes/divers17-11/010063336.pdf
28. Tomberlin, J. K., Adler, P. H., & Myers, H. M. (2019). Development of the black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) in relation to temperature. Environmental Entomology, 38(3), 930–934. https://doi.org/10.1603/022.038.0347
29. Hayes, M., et al. (2008). Mining marine shellfish wastes for bioactive molecules: Chitin and chitosan – Part A: Extraction methods. Biotechnology Journal, 3(7), 871–877. https://doi.org/10.1002/biot.200700207
30. Ramírez, M. Á., et al. (2010). Chitin and its derivatives as biopolymers with potential agricultural applications. Biotechnology Applied, 27(4), 270–276.
31. Dutta, P. K., Dutta, J., & Tripathi, V. S. (2004). Chitin and chitosan: Chemistry, properties and applications. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research, 63, 20–31.
32. Bastiaens, L., et al. (2019). Sources of chitin and chitosan and their isolation. In Chitin and chitosan: Properties and applications (pp. 1–34). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119450467.ch1
33. Rinaudo, M., & Pérez, S. (2019). From chitin to chitosan: Structural analysis, processes, and solubility in acidic media. In Glycopedia – From Chitin to Chitosan (chap. 4). Glycopedia.eu. https://www.glycopedia.eu/From-Chitin-to-Chitosan
34. Joseph, S. M., et al. (2021). A review on source-specific chemistry, functionality, and applications of chitin and chitosan. Carbohydrate Polymers Technologies and Applications, 2, 100036. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carpta.2021.100036
35. Kaya, M., et al. (2017). On chemistry of γ-chitin. Carbohydrate Polymers, 176, 177–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.08.076
36. Al-Hmoud, L., et al. (2020). Influence of chitin source and polymorphism on powder-compression and compaction: Application in drug delivery. Molecules, 25(22), 5269. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25225269
37. Tovar-Jimenez, G. I., et al. (2020). Chapter 5 - Chitin blends, interpenetrating polymer networks, gels, composites, and nanocomposites for adsorption systems: Environmental remediation and protein purification. In Handbook of Chitin and Chitosan (Vol. 3, pp. 135–175). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-817966-6.00005-4
38. Tsurkan, M. V., et al. (2021). Progress in chitin analytics. ELSEVIER, 1-21.
39. Darmon, S., & Rudall, K. (1950). Infra-red and X-ray studies of chitin. Discussions of the Faraday Society, 9, 251-260.
40. Jang, M. K., Kong, B. G., Jeong, Y. I., Lee, C. H., & Nah, J. W. (2004). Physicochemical characterization of α-chitin, β-chitin, and γ-chitin separated from natural resources. Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, 322-337.
41. Kaya, M., et al. (2017). On chemistry of γ-chitin. ELSEVIER, 177-186.
42. Tsurkan, M. V., et al. (2021). Progress in chitin analytics. ELSEVIER, 1-21.
43. Fernando, L. D., et al. (2021). Structural polymorphism of chitin and chitosan in fungal cell wall from solid-state NMR and principal component analysis. Frontiers in Molecular Biosciences, 1-12.
44. De Velde, K. V., & Kiekens, P. (2004). Structure analysis and degree of substitution of chitin, chitosan and dibutyrylchitin by FT-IR spectroscopy and solid state 13C NMR. ELSEVIER, 409-416.
45. Abdelmalek, B. E., et al. (2017). α-Chitin and chitosan from squid gladius: Biological activities of chitosan and its application as clarifying agent for apple juice. ELSEVIER, 953-962.
46. Feás, X., et al. (2020). Extraction and physicochemical characterization of chitin derived from the Asian hornet, Vespa velutina Lepeletier 1836 (Hym.: Vespidae). Molecules, 25, 384.
