MÁS ALLÁ DE LAS MÉTRICAS DE SINERGIA: UNA REVISIÓN SISTEMÁTICA DE LOS RESULTADOS DE INNOVACIÓN A NIVEL DE EMPRESA EN ARREGLOS COLABORATIVOS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n6-039Resumen
En la literatura de la Triple Hélice (TH), la medición ha avanzado en métricas de interacción y sinergia en niveles macro/meso, pero sigue siendo limitada para explicar cómo esas relaciones se conectan, en el nivel de la empresa, con los outcomes –resultados posteriores a la implementación– de innovación capturados en la comercialización y la difusión. Ante esta brecha, este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar cómo medir los resultados de innovación en empresas participantes en arreglos colaborativos, extrayendo lecciones para contextos universidad-industria-gobierno. Para ello, se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de 5.155 registros en las bases Web of Science y Scopus. Los hallazgos indican la predominancia de indicadores económico-financieros y operativos, con atención reducida a medidas de adopción/uso, intangibles y desfases temporales. Metodológicamente, prevalecen los diseños transversales y las estimaciones econométricas con mediación; los agentes externos, por lo general, se operacionalizan como efectos individualizados, lo que dificulta representar la sinergia trilateral típica de la TH. El estudio contribuye al explicitar que la sinergia sistémica no es automáticamente convertible en resultados empresariales, al organizar un repertorio de indicadores y diseños de medición –mediación, comparación y desfases– y al delinear una agenda de investigación orientada a la trilateralidad, los intangibles y la dinámica temporal. Las implicaciones prácticas incluyen paneles sintéticos que combinen métricas financieras, comparaciones, señales de adopción e intangibles, a fin de evidenciar la adicionalidad asociada a la colaboración.
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