PARQUES URBANOS COMO INSTRUMENTOS PARA O PLANEJAMENTO SOCIOAMBIENTAL E POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n4-220Palavras-chave:
Parques Urbanos, Infraestrutura Verde, Sustentabilidade, Justiça Ambiental, Cidade Inteligente, Planejamento UrbanoResumo
Este estudo buscou analisar os parques urbanos, avaliando suas contribuições para a sustentabilidade, a justiça social e o bem-estar comunitário. A pesquisa foi conduzida por meio de uma revisão sistemática estruturada de acordo com o protocolo PRISMA 2020, incluindo análises bibliométricas e bibliográficas de bases de dados internacionais (Scopus e Web of Science), abrangendo o período de 2020 a 2025. As ferramentas utilizadas incluíram Rayyan para triagem e exclusão de duplicatas; VOSviewer e Bibliometrix para análise bibliométrica; e Zotero, Mendeley e Excel para gerenciamento e organização das referências. Cinco questões orientaram o estudo para alcançar seu objetivo: (i) quais dimensões são abordadas pelas pesquisas recentes sobre parques urbanos sustentáveis? (ii) quais são os principais temas discutidos dentro dessas dimensões? (iii) quais metodologias e ferramentas analíticas têm sido aplicadas? (iv) quais lacunas conceituais e metodológicas permanecem na literatura? e (v) quais direções futuras de pesquisa podem ser sugeridas? Um total de 61 artigos altamente relevantes foi selecionado, confirmando que os parques funcionam como instrumentos de inclusão social, promoção da saúde e mitigação de impactos ambientais, ao mesmo tempo em que fomentam a sustentabilidade. Em resposta às questões propostas, a revisão demonstrou que os estudos recentes sobre parques urbanos têm aumentado, especialmente aqueles que abordam saúde, justiça socioespacial, qualidade, gestão e impactos socioeconômicos, discutindo temas como saúde mental, acessibilidade, gentrificação verde e participação cívica. Embora diversas metodologias tenham sido aplicadas, persistem lacunas, incluindo o número limitado de estudos longitudinais, diferenças entre países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, falta de manutenção e segurança, e a ausência de estudos sobre os efeitos dos parques como espaços terapêuticos para populações neurodivergentes. Conclui-se que os parques urbanos devem ser reconhecidos como infraestruturas críticas para a saúde pública, inclusão social e resiliência climática.
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