MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS E MOBILIDADE DA FORÇA DE TRABALHO EM DOMICÍLIOS AGRÍCOLAS: UMA REVISÃO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n1-143Palavras-chave:
Mudanças Climáticas, Mobilidade do Trabalho, Domicílios Agrícolas, Adaptação dos Meios de Vida, Revisão Sistemática da LiteraturaResumo
As mudanças climáticas têm alterado de forma crescente as condições de subsistência dos domicílios agrícolas, especialmente ao influenciar as decisões de alocação e mobilidade da força de trabalho. O aumento da variabilidade climática, a ocorrência de eventos climáticos extremos e a incerteza produtiva intensificaram a atenção acadêmica sobre como os domicílios rurais respondem por meio da mobilidade laboral como parte de processos mais amplos de adaptação. Esta revisão sintetiza criticamente evidências empíricas recentes sobre a relação entre mudanças climáticas e mobilidade do trabalho no nível dos domicílios agrícolas, com foco em padrões emergentes, principais determinantes e implicações para os meios de vida. O estudo adota uma abordagem de Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL), seguindo um processo de triagem transparente e estruturado. Artigos científicos revisados por pares foram identificados por meio da base de dados Scopus, utilizando combinações refinadas de palavras-chave relacionadas às mudanças climáticas, mobilidade laboral e domicílios agrícolas. De um conjunto inicial de 5.191 registros, filtros sucessivos por relevância, ano de publicação (2021–2025), idioma e disponibilidade em acesso aberto resultaram em 37 artigos elegíveis para a análise final. Os dados foram coletados exclusivamente a partir de fontes secundárias e analisados por meio de síntese temática qualitativa e comparação entre estudos. Os resultados revelam seis temas dominantes: a variabilidade climática e os choques ambientais como principais indutores da mobilidade, a vulnerabilidade econômica dos domicílios e as estratégias de diversificação de renda, os padrões espaciais da mobilidade laboral, respostas diferenciadas segundo gênero e faixa etária, o papel de mediadores institucionais e de políticas públicas, e as implicações de longo prazo para a sustentabilidade agrícola. A revisão demonstra que a mobilidade do trabalho funciona tanto como uma estratégia adaptativa quanto como uma potencial fonte de novas vulnerabilidades, dependendo das capacidades dos domicílios e dos contextos institucionais. Conclui-se que a mobilidade laboral induzida pelo clima representa uma resposta de subsistência complexa e dependente do contexto, e não um resultado uniforme do estresse ambiental. Recomenda-se que pesquisas futuras integrem dados longitudinais e análises orientadas por políticas públicas para capturar de forma mais adequada as trajetórias dinâmicas de adaptação dos domicílios.
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