SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF SIMILARITY CRITERIA FOR IDENTIFYING SIMILAR SEISMIC EVENTS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n1-013Keywords:
Similar Seismic Events, Waveform Similarity, Systematic ReviewAbstract
The identification of similar seismic events constitutes an important aspect for understanding seismic dynamics, identifying the recurrence of aftershocks and seismic swarms, and assessing geological hazards. This work presents a systematic literature review on the computational methods employed for identifying similarity between seismic waveforms, with an emphasis on decision criteria and signal processing techniques. The review was conducted based on searches in scientific databases, utilizing specific strings related to seismic event similarity measures. The analysis of the selected studies evidences that, despite the recurrent limitations associated with the dependence on empirical thresholds, sensitivity to noise, and the difficulty of ensuring consistency and reproducibility in event classification within large seismic catalogs, cross-correlation-based methods are widely adopted. It is concluded that the literature points to conceptual gaps in the modeling of similarity between seismic events, indicating the need for future mathematical and computational investigations aimed at developing more consistent and well-founded criteria for the automated curation of seismic data.
Downloads
References
BACHMANN, C. et al. Analysis of seismic event similarity using cross-correlation. Geophysical Journal International, v. 168, n. 2, p. 459–473, 2007.
BARANI, S.; FERRETTI, G. The waveform similarity approach to identify dependent events in instrumental seismic catalogues. Geophysical Journal International, v. 168, n. 1, p. 100–108, 2007.
CASTELLANOS, J.; VAN DER BAAN, M. Multi-channel waveform clustering for seismic event analysis. Journal of Seismology, v. 19, n. 2, p. 273–289, 2015.
CHENG, X.; NIU, F.; SILVER, P. G.; HORIUCHI, S.; TAKAI, K.; IIO, Y.; ITO, H. Similar microearthquakes observed in western Nagano, Japan, and implications for rupture mechanics. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 112, n. B4, 2007.
GAO, D.; KAO, H.; LIU, J. Identification of repeating earthquakes: controversy and rectification. Seismological Research Letters, v. 94, n. 6, p. 2655–2665, 2023.
KANASEWICH, E. R. Time sequence analysis in geophysics. Edmonton: University of Alberta Press, 1981.
LI, L.; CHEN, Q. F.; CHENG, X.; NIU, F. Spatial clustering and repeating of seismic events observed along the 1976 Tangshan fault, North China. Geophysical Research Letters, v. 34, n. 23, 2007.
LI, L.; CHEN, Q. F.; NIU, F.; SU, J. Deep slip rates along the Longmen Shan fault zone estimated from repeating microearthquakes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 116, n. B9, 2011.
LI, W.; NAKSHATRA; NARVEKAR, N.; RAUT, N.; SIRKECI, B.; GAO, J. Seismic data classification using machine learning. In: 2018 IEEE Fourth International Conference on Big Data Computing Service and Applications, San Jose, CA, USA, 2018. Proceedings. IEEE, 2018. Disponível em: https://doi.org/DOI. Acesso em: 10 dez. 2025.
PYMPA DEVELOPERS. PyMPA — Python Matching Phase Algorithm. Disponível em: https://pympa37.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html. Acesso em: 18 dez. 2025.
SAMPAIO, R. F.; MANCINI, M. C. Estudos de revisão sistemática: um guia para síntese criteriosa da evidência científica. Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia, São Carlos, v. 11, n. 1, p. 83–89, 2007.
SCDETECT DEVELOPERS. SCDetect: SeisComP package for waveform cross correlation based earthquake detection. Disponível em: https://scdetect.readthedocs.io/en/stable/. Acesso em: 11 dez. 2025.
SKOUMAL, R. J.; BRUDZINSKI, M. R.; CURRIE, B. S. An efficient repeating signal detector to investigate earthquake swarms. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, v. 121, n. 8, p. 5880–5897, 2016.
SMITH, S. W. The scientist and engineer’s guide to digital signal processing. San Diego: California Technical Publishing, 1997.
TEPP, B. Repeating signal detection using the repeating signal detector algorithm. Seismic Detection Methods, v. 15, n. 1, p. 15–29, 2018.
USGS. What is an earthquake and what causes them to happen? Disponível em: https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-earthquake-and-what-causes-them-happen. Acesso em: 05 dez. 2025.
VAN ETTEN, W. C. Introduction to random signals and noise. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2006.
WIKIPEDIA CONTRIBUTORS. Cross-correlation. 2025. Disponível em: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-correlation. Acesso em: 12 mar. 2025.
ZHU, T. et al. Reassessing cross-correlation for seismic event identification. Journal of Seismology, v. 25, n. 3, p. 789–802, 2021.