POLIFARMACIA Y ADHERENCIA TERAPÉUTICA EN LA ATENCIÓN PRIMARIA DE SALUD: REVISIÓN DE ALCANCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n1-178Palabras clave:
Polifarmacia, Cumplimiento de la Medicación, Modelos de Atención de Salud, Calidad de Vida, Adulto JovenResumen
Considerando el creciente aumento de la polifarmacia en la Atención Primaria de Salud (APS), especialmente entre adultos con enfermedades crónicas, y su impacto en la adherencia terapéutica, resulta fundamental comprender los factores que interfieren en este proceso. El objetivo del estudio es mapear y discutir de manera crítica la evidencia científica sobre los factores relacionados con la polifarmacia que influyen en la adherencia terapéutica y sus implicaciones para la calidad de vida de adultos atendidos en la APS. Para ello, se realizó una revisión de alcance, de acuerdo con las recomendaciones del Joanna Briggs Institute y la lista de verificación PRISMA-ScR, con búsquedas efectuadas en seis bases de datos nacionales e internacionales hasta junio de 2025. Se incluyeron estudios publicados en portugués, inglés y español que abordaron la polifarmacia en el contexto de la APS. Los resultados indican que la adherencia terapéutica está condicionada por determinantes individuales, sociales, organizacionales y relacionados con la terapia, destacándose la complejidad del régimen farmacológico, el olvido, el bajo apoyo social, las fallas en la comunicación profesional–paciente y las limitaciones estructurales de los servicios de salud. Las intervenciones multiprofesionales, el seguimiento farmacoterapéutico y el uso de tecnologías de apoyo a la toma de decisiones mostraron potencial para mejorar la adherencia; sin embargo, los resultados fueron heterogéneos y fuertemente dependientes del contexto asistencial. Lo que permite concluir que la promoción de la adherencia terapéutica en pacientes con polifarmacia en la APS requiere enfoques integrados, continuos y centrados en la persona, capaces de fortalecer el uso racional de los medicamentos, la seguridad del cuidado y la calidad de vida en el marco del Sistema Único de Salud.
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