TECNOLOGÍA DE BIOFLOCOS EN LA ACUICULTURA: FUNDAMENTOS, AVANCES E IMPLICACIONES PARA EL DESEMPEÑO Y LA SALUD ANIMAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n3-042Palabras clave:
Bioflocs, Acuicultura Sostenible, Microbiota Acuática, Rendimiento Zootécnico, Salud AnimalResumen
La tecnología de bioflocs (BFT) se ha convertido en una alternativa sostenible para intensificar la acuicultura al integrar el control de la calidad del agua, el reciclaje de nutrientes y la mejora del rendimiento zootécnico de los organismos cultivados. Esta revisión tuvo como objetivo sintetizar los principales avances científicos relacionados con los fundamentos, el manejo y las aplicaciones de la BFT, con énfasis en su impacto en la microbiota acuática, la salud animal y la eficiencia productiva. Se abordaron los principios de la formación de bioflocs, destacando la importancia del control de la relación carbono:nitrógeno, la aireación continua y el monitoreo de los parámetros fisicoquímicos del agua para la estabilidad del sistema. Además, se discutió el papel de los bioflocs como fuente nutricional complementaria, contribuyendo a la utilización de nutrientes, la mejora de la conversión alimenticia y la estimulación de la respuesta inmunitaria. También se analizaron avances recientes, como el uso de bioflocs líquidos formulados con cepas seleccionadas de bacterias benéficas, especialmente Bacillus subtilis, producidas en biofábricas, destacando las ventajas sobre los bioflocs convencionales, como una mayor estandarización microbiológica y una rápida colonización del sistema. En general, la tecnología de biofloc (BFT) presenta un alto potencial para promover sistemas acuícolas más eficientes, resilientes y ambientalmente sostenibles, siempre que se asocie a una gestión técnica adecuada y un enfoque integrado entre nutrición, microbiología y calidad del agua.
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