EL IMPACTO DE LA SOBRECARGA DE TRABAJO EN ENFERMERÍA Y SUS CONSECUENCIAS PARA LA ATENCIÓN AL PACIENTE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n5-051Palabras clave:
Carga de Trabajo, Agotamiento Profesional, Seguridad del Paciente, Dotación de Personal, Calidad de la AtenciónResumen
Esta revisión integradora analiza el impacto de la sobrecarga de trabajo y el agotamiento profesional en enfermería sobre la seguridad del paciente y la calidad de la atención. La escasez mundial de profesionales, sumada a entornos estresantes, genera altas tasas de agotamiento profesional, que se han visto drásticamente exacerbadas por la pandemia de COVID-19. El estudio demuestra consistentemente que una proporción inadecuada de pacientes por enfermero se asocia directamente con un aumento de la mortalidad hospitalaria, mayores tasas de reingreso y una estancia hospitalaria prolongada. Además, el agotamiento profesional en el equipo se correlaciona con un clima de seguridad deficiente y un aumento de eventos adversos, incluyendo infecciones asociadas a la atención sanitaria, errores de medicación y la omisión de la vigilancia y la higiene esenciales. Contrariamente a la percepción de un alto costo, los análisis económicos muestran que la inversión en niveles adecuados de personal genera un retorno positivo, ya que los costos se compensan con una reducción de las complicaciones. Se concluye que la sobrecarga de trabajo debe abordarse como un fenómeno organizacional sistémico. La adopción de políticas de ratio mínimo seguro es rentable, esencial para mitigar riesgos y fundamental para preservar vidas.
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