CARACTERÍSTICAS, ESTILOS DE LIDERAZGO Y GÉNERO: PERCEPCIONES EN EL CONTEXTO ORGANIZACIONAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n6-022Palabras clave:
Género, Liderazgo, Características de Liderazgo, Estilos de LiderazgoResumen
En el contexto organizacional, el liderazgo se considera uno de los elementos fundamentales para el desempeño de equipos y empresas, especialmente en entornos colaborativos. Dado el avance de los debates sobre diversidad y equidad, comprender cómo se perciben los estilos y características de liderazgo en relación con el género se ha vuelto cada vez más relevante. Si bien el liderazgo se investiga constantemente en la literatura, aún existen lagunas respecto a la influencia del género en las percepciones de los líderes en la vida organizacional cotidiana. En este sentido, este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las percepciones de los empleados de pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES) sobre los estilos y características de liderazgo atribuidos a hombres y mujeres, contribuyendo al debate sobre estereotipos de género y liderazgo. La investigación se guió por las siguientes preguntas: ¿El estilo de liderazgo percibido está asociado con el género del líder? ¿Las percepciones de liderazgo reproducen estereotipos de género o reflejan características individuales de los líderes? El marco teórico se basó en estudios sobre estereotipos de género y liderazgo, especialmente en la Teoría del Rol Social, que explica cómo las expectativas sociales influyen en las evaluaciones de liderazgo. Este estudio adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo, exploratorio y descriptivo, utilizando una encuesta aplicada a 207 empleados de PYMES en Santa Catarina. Los datos se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario estructurado y se analizaron estadísticamente. Los resultados revelaron que, de las 30 características de liderazgo evaluadas, 18 se asociaron predominantemente con las mujeres, ocho con los hombres y cuatro se consideraron neutrales. Las mujeres se asociaron, entre otras características, con la empatía, la compasión, la inteligencia emocional, la resiliencia y la determinación, mientras que los hombres se mantuvieron asociados, entre otras, con el autoritarismo y la jerarquía. Los hallazgos indican la persistencia de los estereotipos de género, pero también señales de transformación en la percepción del liderazgo femenino, lo que sugiere una mayor valoración de las competencias históricamente asociadas con las mujeres.
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