AUTOPSIES IN FORENSIC PATHOLOGY – BETWEEN ADVANCES AND TRADITIONS

Abstract

Autopsy, a post mortem examination, plays a crucial role in forensic and medical sciences, allowing for the clarification of causes of death and the investigation of pathological conditions. Traditionally, autopsy involves the dissection of organs for detailed assessment and has been a fundamental tool for diagnosis and medical learning. However, the rates of conventional autopsies have significantly declined, primarily due to advances in clinical diagnostics, regulations, and costs. In contrast, forensic autopsy remains relevant. In recent years, new modalities of autopsy, such as virtual autopsy, have emerged as promising alternatives. In this context, the objective of this study is to review the different approaches to autopsy, exploring the benefits and limitations of various autopsies in forensic and pathological contexts. Virtual autopsy uses advanced imaging technologies, such as post mortem computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, enabling non-invasive body evaluation. These techniques preserve the integrity of the corpse and have proven useful in various contexts by providing three-dimensional analysis and documentation of findings, although they have limitations, often related to the imaging method. Another emerging autopsy modality is molecular autopsy, which has proven crucial in investigating sudden deaths, especially in young individuals without comorbidities. This scientific research explores the autopsy in its duality, tradition, and modernity, in the advancement of forensic pathology and justice practices, considering the need for a balance between traditional and modern methods for a more comprehensive and accurate approach to post mortem investigations.