VENTANAS ARTIFICIALES E ILUMINACIÓN CENTRADA EN EL SER HUMANO: ESTUDIO DE CASO EN OFICINAS SIN ILUMINACIÓN NATURAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n1-052Palabras clave:
Iluminación Circadiana, Ventanas Falsas, Iluminación Centrada en el Ser Humano, Confort Visual, SaludResumen
Los entornos de trabajo sin acceso a iluminación natural dependen de la iluminación eléctrica para satisfacer las demandas visuales y no visuales de los usuarios, condición que puede comprometer el confort, el bienestar y la salud. Tradicionalmente, el diseño de iluminación se ha orientado por criterios fotópicos asociados al rendimiento visual. Sin embargo, las investigaciones en iluminación centrada en el ser humano han demostrado que la luz también influye en el sistema no visual, afectando el ritmo circadiano, el estado de alerta, el estado de ánimo y la percepción de bienestar. La insuficiencia de estímulos luminosos adecuados para este sistema puede dar lugar a la condición conocida como “oscuridad biológica”, común en ambientes cerrados. En este contexto, este estudio analiza el potencial contributivo de sistemas artificiales de iluminación natural, o ventanas falsas, en oficinas sin acceso a luz natural. Se adoptó un estudio de caso exploratorio que integró simulaciones computacionales de iluminación, mediciones de parámetros fotópicos y melanópicos y la aplicación del cuestionario de bienestar WHO-5 antes de la instalación del sistema y tras un período de uso de la ventana falsa. Los resultados indicaron que la combinación de la iluminación artificial existente con la ventana falsa promovió un aumento de la iluminancia vertical a nivel de los ojos y mejoras en los indicadores de estimulación circadiana, además de un incremento estadísticamente significativo en los índices de bienestar percibido. Los hallazgos sugieren asociaciones relevantes entre las condiciones luminosas analizadas y el bienestar de los usuarios, contribuyendo al debate sobre estrategias de iluminación centrada en el ser humano y a la comprensión de las potencialidades y limitaciones de las ventanas falsas en entornos de trabajo sin ventanas.
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