FLUJOS DE CH₄ Y N₂O EN DIFERENTES USOS DEL SUELO EN EL OESTE DE PARÁ: EFECTOS MICROCLIMÁTICOS Y BIOGEOQUÍMICOS DEL SUELO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n2-019Palabras clave:
Gases Traza, Uso del Suelo, Metano, Óxido Nitroso, AmazoníaResumen
Los cambios en el uso de la tierra en la Amazonía alteran profundamente los controles biogeoquímicos que regulan los flujos de metano (CH₄) y óxido nitroso (N₂O) entre el suelo y la atmósfera. Este estudio cuantificó los flujos de estos gases en cuatro tipos de cobertura del suelo —bosque, bosque secundario, pastizal y agricultura (soja bajo siembra directa y convencional)— en microcuencas de los municipios de Santarém y Belterra, en el oeste de Pará. Las mediciones se realizaron con cámaras estáticas manuales distribuidas en transectos de 300 m, acompañadas de variables ambientales como temperatura del aire y del suelo, humedad gravimétrica y WFPS. Los resultados mostraron que las áreas de bosque secundario presentaron temperaturas más bajas y mayor estabilidad microclimática, reflejando una menor emisión y una mayor propensión a la oxidación de CH₄. En contraste, las áreas agrícolas y de pastizal exhibieron una mayor variabilidad térmica y mayores flujos de N₂O y CH₄, especialmente durante la cosecha de la soja, período marcado por la acumulación de residuos vegetales y la intensificación de la actividad microbiana. Las mayores emisiones de N₂O se asociaron a pulsos posdisturbio y a fases fenológicas específicas del cultivo. Estos hallazgos demuestran que la conversión forestal modifica la función ecológica del suelo, transformando ambientes originalmente sumideros en potenciales fuentes de gases traza. El estudio contribuye al entendimiento de los mecanismos reguladores de los flujos de CH₄ y N₂O en agroecosistemas amazónicos y proporciona insumos para estrategias de manejo capaces de mitigar emisiones en sistemas agrícolas tropicales.
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