PLAN DE DRENAJE URBANO: UNA REVISIÓN DEL ALCANCE SOBRE LA ARTICULACIÓN ENTRE ASPECTOS TÉCNICOS, NORMATIVOS Y CULTURALES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n2-030Palabras clave:
Drenaje Urbano, Gobernanza, Cultura Institucional, ResilienciaResumen
El crecimiento urbano no planificado, el sellado del suelo y la intensificación de eventos hidrológicos extremos están incrementando los desafíos para la gestión de aguas pluviales en las ciudades. Este estudio realizó una revisión de alcance para mapear la evidencia científica y las brechas técnicas, normativas y culturales con respecto a la formulación, actualización y evaluación de planes municipales de drenaje urbano, identificando cómo estos ejes se articulan o se tensan en la práctica de la planificación. La investigación se realizó en las bases de datos Web of Science y Scopus, utilizando el modelo PCC (Participante, Concepto y Contexto), con análisis bibliométrico y de contenido. Los resultados identificaron un predominio de enfoques técnico-instrumentales, centrados en el modelado hidráulico-hidrológico y métodos cuantitativos, con menor atención a las dimensiones normativas y culturales. Se observó que, si bien existen avances en las metodologías de soporte de decisiones y la integración de escala, persiste un desajuste entre el avance técnico y la madurez organizacional necesaria para incorporar dichas innovaciones. La revisión identificó cuatro vectores de progreso (institucionalización de métodos multicriterio, integración multiescalar, fortalecimiento de la coordinación intersectorial y desarrollo de métricas institucionales) y tres obstáculos estructurales (fragmentación normativa, restricciones presupuestarias y culturas técnicas resistentes al aprendizaje). Se concluyó que el desarrollo de planes de drenaje depende no solo de la sofisticación técnica, sino también de la capacidad de articulación entre el conocimiento técnico, los mecanismos legales y la cultura institucional.
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