DINÁMICA VERTICAL Y RESERVAS DE CARBONO Y NITRÓGENO EN SUELOS HIDROMÓRFICOS BAJO DIFERENTES USOS DE LA TIERRA EN LA ISLA DE MARAJÓ, AMAZONIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n3-072Palabras clave:
Carbono Orgánico del Suelo, Nitrógeno Total, Suelos Hidromórficos, Ambientes Fluvio-Marinos, Amazonia OrientalResumen
Los suelos tropicales desempeñan un papel estratégico en los ciclos globales de carbono (C) y nitrógeno (N), ya que constituyen importantes reservorios de estos elementos y, al mismo tiempo, son altamente sensibles a los cambios en el uso de la tierra. En ambientes amazónicos hidromórficos y fluvio-marinos, como los de la Isla de Marajó (PA), la distribución vertical y la estabilidad de estos reservorios aún son poco comprendidas, especialmente en las capas subsuperficiales. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo cuantificar y comparar las reservas de carbono orgánico y nitrógeno total a lo largo del perfil del suelo, hasta 100 cm de profundidad, en tres sistemas de uso de la tierra: bosque nativo, pastizal manejado y sistema silvopastoril. Se describieron y muestrearon tres perfiles representativos, determinándose los contenidos de C y N mediante combustión seca en un analizador elemental CHN, además del cálculo de las reservas corregidas con base en la densidad del suelo. Las reservas integradas de carbono variaron entre 42,80 y 126,81 Mg ha⁻¹, mientras que las de nitrógeno oscilaron entre 3,05 y 6,67 Mg ha⁻¹. En todos los perfiles se observó una mayor concentración de C y N en las capas superficiales; sin embargo, una fracción significativa de las reservas totales se identificó por debajo de 40 cm, especialmente en el perfil con mayor influencia hidromórfica. La relación C:N integrada hasta 100 cm varió entre 13,9 y 19,0, indicando diferentes grados de estabilización y calidad de la materia orgánica entre los perfiles. Los resultados demuestran que las evaluaciones restringidas a las capas superficiales subestiman significativamente las reservas reales de C y N en estos ambientes, lo que refuerza la importancia de considerar el perfil del suelo como unidad funcional en inventarios de carbono y en estrategias de mitigación del cambio climático en paisajes fluvio-marinos amazónicos.
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