TEMPERATURA DE COLOR DE LA LUZ DE LA PANTALLA Y RENDIMIENTO ATENCIONAL EN ADOLESCENTES: UN ESTUDIO PILOTO EXPERIMENTAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n3-129Palabras clave:
Luz de Pantalla, Temperatura de Color Correlacionada, Atención Visual, Tiempo de Reacción, Adolescentes, Ritmo CircadianoResumen
La influencia biológica de la luz artificial, especialmente en términos de temperatura de color correlacionada (TCC), tiene implicaciones relevantes para la regulación circadiana, el estado de alerta y los procesos cognitivos en adolescentes. Este estudio piloto exploratorio investigó los efectos de la exposición a diferentes filtros de temperatura de color de la luz de pantalla (1950 K, 2400 K, 4500 K y 6400 K) en indicadores subjetivos de sueño, somnolencia y rendimiento atencional en ocho adolescentes (edad media = 15,25 ± 1,7 años) utilizando un diseño experimental de medidas repetidas. Para minimizar la variabilidad circadiana y los efectos de aprendizaje, las sesiones se llevaron a cabo en horarios estandarizados, con condiciones de iluminación aleatorias, en un entorno de laboratorio controlado. El rendimiento cognitivo se evaluó utilizando una tarea computarizada de tiempo de reacción visual (TRV), realizada binocularmente a una distancia de 0,40 m de la pantalla, con luminancia constante del monitor (42 cd/m²) en todas las condiciones experimentales. Los resultados indicaron tiempos de reacción visual significativamente más cortos (mayor velocidad de procesamiento) durante la exposición a una temperatura de color de 6400 K en comparación con las condiciones de 1950 K, 2400 K y 4500 K. Además, se observaron asociaciones positivas entre una mayor exposición a dispositivos electrónicos, una mayor somnolencia diurna y retrasos en los horarios de sueño, especialmente los fines de semana. Los hallazgos sugieren que la temperatura de color de la luz emitida por las pantallas puede modular el estado de alerta y el rendimiento atencional en adolescentes, posiblemente a través de mecanismos lumínicos no visuales relacionados con la regulación circadiana. Sin embargo, debido al pequeño tamaño de la muestra, la ausencia de caracterización espectral de la luz (p. ej., SPD y EDI melanópica) y el uso predominante de medidas subjetivas del sueño, los resultados deben interpretarse como exploratorios y preliminares, orientando futuros estudios con monitorización objetiva de la exposición a la luz, el ritmo circadiano y las métricas fotobiológicas.
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