STAPHYLOCOCCUS SPP. COMENSALES DE PERROS Y GATOS COMO RESERVORIOS DE GENES DE RESISTENCIA ANTIMICROBIANA EN EL NORESTE DE BRASIL: UN ESTUDIO PRELIMINAR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov16n5-152Palabras clave:
Staphylococcus spp, Animales de Compañía, Genes de Resistencia, Salud ÚnicaResumen
La resistencia antimicrobiana (RAM) en microorganismos comensales de animales de compañía representa un desafío creciente en el contexto de Salud Única (One Health), dado que la convivencia cercana entre mascotas y humanos favorece la circulación y persistencia de genes de resistencia entre especies. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo caracterizar aislados de Staphylococcus spp. provenientes de la orofaringe de perros y gatos atendidos en clínicas veterinarias de la Región Metropolitana de Recife, Pernambuco, con enfoque en los perfiles fenotípico y genotípico de resistencia antimicrobiana. Se cultivaron muestras orofaríngeas de 20 animales (13 perros y 7 gatos) en Ágar Sal Manitol, y los aislados fueron identificados mediante espectrometría de masa MALDI-TOF. La susceptibilidad antimicrobiana se evaluó por el método de difusión en disco, y los genes de resistencia se investigaron por PCR. Se identificaron once aislados de Staphylococcus, incluyendo S. aureus (n=2), S. felis (n=2), S. sciuri (n=2), S. warneri (n=2), S. haemolyticus (n=1), S. nepalensis (n=1) y S. simulans (n=1). La resistencia a la eritromicina fue predominante (6/11; 54,5%), y todos los aislados resistentes presentaron resistencia inducible a la clindamicina (test D positivo). Se detectaron los genes blaZ, norA, norC y tet(38), mientras que mecA y mecC estuvieron ausentes.Los resultados demuestran la diversidad genética de Staphylococcus spp. colonizando la orofaringe de perros y gatos y revelan la circulación silenciosa de determinantes de resistencia antimicrobiana en animales de compañía. Estos hallazgos refuerzan la necesidad de vigilancia integrada de RAM, conectando los sectores de salud humana, animal y ambiental para prevenir la diseminación de la resistencia en el ámbito de la Salud Única.
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