EIMERIOSIS CAPRINA Y DESARROLLO SOSTENIBLE: PERSPECTIVAS DE SALUD ÚNICA, BIODIVERSIDAD PARASITARIA Y DESAFÍOS PARA LA CAPRINOCULTURA EN EL NORDESTE BRASILEÑO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov16n5-159Palabras clave:
Eimeriosis, Salud Única, Nordeste Brasileño, Biodiversidad Parasitaria, Agricultura FamiliarResumen
La caprinocultura representa actividad estratégica para el desarrollo rural sostenible en el nordeste brasileño, integrando seguridad alimentaria, generación de ingresos y resiliencia socioeconómica. Sin embargo, enfrenta desafíos sanitarios significativos, particularmente parasitosis gastrointestinales causadas por Eimeria spp., protozoarios del filo Apicomplexa. Este estudio revisa el conocimiento científico sobre eimeriosis caprina bajo perspectiva multidisciplinar, integrando Geografía de la Salud Animal, enfoque de Salud Única y biodiversidad parasitaria, con énfasis en implicaciones para la agricultura familiar del nordeste. La distribución espacial de Eimeria es modulada por determinantes geoclimáticos (temperatura, precipitación, altitud), sistemas de manejo y estructura del paisaje, presentando heterogeneidad entre regiones. Más de 26 especies fueron identificadas globalmente en caprinos, siendo E. arloingi, E. ninakohlyakimovae, E. christenseni y E. caprina las más patogénicas. En el contexto del nordeste, limitaciones estructurales (baja tecnificación, manejo sanitario inadecuado, acceso restringido a asistencia técnica) amplifican impactos económicos de la eimeriosis sobre agricultura familiar. El conocimiento sobre biodiversidad parasitaria en Maranhão permanece incipiente, demandando investigaciones contextualizadas que integren epidemiología espacial y evaluación de impactos socioeconómicos. El enfoque de Salud Única revela interconexiones críticas entre salud animal, humana y ambiental, fundamentando necesidad de políticas públicas integradas que fortalezcan sanidad animal, asistencia técnica y prácticas agroecológicas adaptadas al semiárido, contribuyendo para sostenibilidad y resiliencia de la caprinocultura frente a cambios climáticos.
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