COMPARACIÓN ENTRE GRUPOS EN LA OCURRENCIA MENSUAL DE PICADURAS DE SERPIENTE, MUNICIPIO DE RÍO DE JANEIRO, BRASIL, 2008-2017
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov16n5-254Palabras clave:
Prueba U, Envenenamiento, Enfermedad Tropical Desatendida, Antídoto, Accidente BotrópicoResumen
Cada año 2,7 millones de personas sufren accidentes por serpiente en el mundo, causando 138 000 muertes. La OMS busca reducir en un 50% las muertes y discapacidades por envenenamiento antes de 2030. Este estudio presenta datos variables relacionadas con los casos de accidentes de serpiente en el municipio de Río de Janeiro entre 2008-2017. En este período se registraron 495 casos, de los cuales el 89,1% fueron causados por serpientes del género Bothrops (B. jararaca y B. jararacuçu), cuyo veneno tiene acción proteolítica/hemorrágica. La mitad de los accidentes fueron leves (49,8%) y el 86,7% de las víctimas recibió suero antibotrópico. Solo el 9,9% fue atendido en la primera hora y el 42,4% en las tres primeras horas, mientras que el 15,7% recibió atención después de seis horas, 21,1% no tenía registro del tiempo. La curación se produjo en el 89,5% de los casos. Las picaduras ocurrieron en áreas urbanas (96,3%), afectaron más a hombres (68,1%) que a mujeres (31,9%), con predominio en adultos de 19 a 59 años (media=35 años). Las extremidades inferiores fueron las más afectadas. Las manifestaciones locales, como dolor, edema y eritema, fueron frecuentes, mientras que las sistémicas fueron raras. El coagulograma mostró alteraciones en el 46,1% de los casos. Los hombres tuvieron mayor tasa de hospitalización (67,3%) y estancia media de siete días. El Hospital Municipal Lourenço Jorge concentró el 88,7% de los atendimientos, seguido por el Hospital Pedro II (6,3%), ambos ubicados en la Zona Oeste, región con mayor número de casos.
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