LA POLÍTICA COMERCIAL EXTERNA DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS Y EL MULTILATERALISMO: ENTRE LA REFORMA DE LA OMC, LOS ARANCELES RECÍPROCOS Y LOS ACUERDOS A LA LUZ DE LAS TEORÍAS DE LAS RELACIONES INTERNACIONALES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov16n5-317Palabras clave:
Multilateralismo Selectivo, Organización Mundial del Comercio, Excepción de Seguridad, Política Comercial de los Estados Unidos, Comercio InternacionalResumen
El artículo examina la reconfiguración de la política socioeconómica exterior de Estados Unidos y sus repercusiones en la gobernanza del comercio internacional, tomando como caso de estudio el litigio comercial entre Brasil y Estados Unidos de 2025. Se argumenta que la estrategia estadounidense contemporánea configura un patrón de multilateralismo selectivo, marcado por el compromiso funcional en determinadas agendas multilaterales, por la impugnación de elementos institucionales centrales de la Organización Mundial del Comercio (OMC), especialmente la función de recurso del sistema de solución de controversias, y por la expansión de acuerdos regulatorios plurilaterales. El análisis moviliza los referentes del realismo, el idealismo wilsoniano y el neoliberalismo institucionalista para interpretar el uso de los aranceles como instrumento de poder, la función de las normas multilaterales y el papel de los regímenes internacionales en la reducción de la incertidumbre.
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