GESTIÓN SOSTENIBLE DE TURBERAS EN PLANTACIONES DE PALMA DE ACEITE BASADA EN UN ENFOQUE MULTIACTOR
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n1-144Palabras clave:
Gestión de Turberas, Gobernanza Multiactor, Palma de Aceite, Desarrollo Sostenible, Revisión Sistemática de la LiteraturaResumen
Los ecosistemas de turberas en Indonesia, en particular aquellos ubicados en regiones con plantaciones de palma de aceite, enfrentan una grave degradación ambiental debido al uso insostenible del suelo, a la deficiente gestión hídrica y a la recurrencia de incendios. Esta situación ha generado un creciente interés tanto a nivel nacional como internacional por promover la gestión sostenible de las turberas mediante modelos de gobernanza inclusivos y colaborativos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo examinar cómo los mecanismos de gobernanza multiactor influyen en los resultados ecológicos, institucionales y socioeconómicos en áreas de turberas afectadas por el cultivo de palma de aceite. Con un diseño de investigación cualitativo, el estudio adopta el método de Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura (RSL), guiado por el protocolo PRISMA. Los datos se recopilaron exclusivamente a partir de fuentes secundarias, que comprenden 29 artículos científicos revisados por pares, publicados entre 2020 y 2025, procedentes de la base de datos ScienceDirect. La estrategia de búsqueda empleó operadores booleanos y filtros temáticos para garantizar la relevancia de los estudios, mientras que los criterios de inclusión se basaron en el acceso abierto, el tipo de artículo y el período de publicación. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante síntesis temática para identificar patrones centrales y estrategias de gobernanza. Los resultados muestran que los enfoques multiactor conducen a mejoras en los resultados ecológicos, incluida la restauración hidrológica, la reducción de la incidencia de incendios y la disminución de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. A nivel institucional, estos enfoques fomentan una mayor coordinación, legitimidad procedimental y capacidad adaptativa. Desde una perspectiva socioeconómica, dichos marcos contribuyen al fortalecimiento de la seguridad en la tenencia de la tierra y a la diversificación de los medios de vida, aunque persisten desafíos relacionados con las asimetrías de poder y la limitada capacidad de las comunidades locales. El estudio concluye que la gobernanza multiactor posee un alto potencial para apoyar la gestión sostenible de las turberas en regiones productoras de palma de aceite. Se recomienda que futuras investigaciones examinen los impactos a largo plazo, las dinámicas de poder y la integración de los sistemas de conocimiento indígena en los marcos de políticas públicas sobre turberas.
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