GESTÃO SUSTENTÁVEL DE TURFEIRAS EM PLANTAÇÕES DE PALMA DE ÓLEO COM BASE EM UMA ABORDAGEM MULTISTAKEHOLDER
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/revgeov17n1-144Palavras-chave:
Gestão de Turfeiras, Governança Multistakeholder, Palma de Óleo, Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Revisão Sistemática da LiteraturaResumo
Os ecossistemas de turfeiras na Indonésia, particularmente aqueles localizados em regiões de plantações de palma de óleo, enfrentam grave degradação ambiental em decorrência do uso insustentável da terra, da gestão inadequada da água e da recorrência de incêndios. Esse cenário tem despertado interesse tanto em âmbito nacional quanto internacional na promoção da gestão sustentável de turfeiras por meio de modelos de governança inclusivos e colaborativos. Este estudo tem como objetivo examinar como os mecanismos de governança multistakeholder influenciam os resultados ecológicos, institucionais e socioeconômicos em áreas de turfeiras afetadas pelo cultivo da palma de óleo. Adotando um delineamento de pesquisa qualitativo, o estudo utiliza o método de Revisão Sistemática da Literatura (RSL), orientado pelo protocolo PRISMA. Os dados foram coletados exclusivamente a partir de fontes secundárias, compreendendo 29 artigos científicos revisados por pares, publicados entre 2020 e 2025, obtidos da base de dados ScienceDirect. A estratégia de busca empregou operadores booleanos e filtros temáticos para assegurar a relevância dos estudos, enquanto os critérios de inclusão consideraram o acesso aberto, o tipo de artigo e o período de publicação. A análise dos dados foi conduzida por meio de síntese temática, com o objetivo de identificar padrões centrais e estratégias de governança. Os resultados indicam que abordagens multistakeholder promovem melhorias nos resultados ecológicos, incluindo a restauração hidrológica, a redução da incidência de incêndios e a diminuição das emissões de gases de efeito estufa. No âmbito institucional, tais abordagens favorecem maior coordenação, legitimidade procedimental e capacidade adaptativa. Do ponto de vista socioeconômico, esses arranjos contribuem para o fortalecimento da segurança da posse da terra e para a diversificação dos meios de subsistência, embora persistam desafios relacionados às assimetrias de poder e à limitada capacidade das comunidades locais. Conclui-se que a governança multistakeholder apresenta elevado potencial para apoiar a gestão sustentável de turfeiras em regiões produtoras de palma de óleo. Recomenda-se que pesquisas futuras analisem os impactos de longo prazo, as dinâmicas de poder e a integração de sistemas de conhecimento indígena nos arcabouços de políticas públicas voltadas às turfeiras.
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