CANABIDIOL, AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDER, AND TERRITORY: SOCIO-SPATIAL INEQUALITIES IN ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE IN BRAZIL

Abstract

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that, in addition to clinical challenges, reveals significant socio-spatial inequalities in access to health care. In this context, the use of cannabidiol (CBD) has emerged as a complementary therapeutic alternative for managing behavioral symptoms and comorbidities associated with ASD, such as anxiety, sleep disorders, irritability, and epilepsy. From the perspective of Health Geography, this article aims to analyze how the use of cannabidiol may contribute to improving the quality of life of individuals with ASD, considering not only its clinical effects but also the territorial, social, and regulatory factors that influence access to treatment. This study adopts a descriptive and analytical literature review, configured as a narrative review, based on scientific articles, dissertations, theses, and official documents published between 2010 and 2023 in the SciELO, PubMed, Virtual Health Library (VHL), LILACS, and Cochrane Library databases, as well as regulations issued by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA). The analysis considered clinical evidence on the use of CBD in children with ASD and engaged with geographical frameworks, particularly regarding territorial inequalities in access to public health policies. The results indicate that cannabidiol presents relevant therapeutic potential in mitigating symptoms associated with ASD, with reported improvements in the quality of life of children and their families. However, the literature also highlights methodological limitations, a shortage of long-term clinical trials, and regulatory and economic barriers that restrict access to treatment, especially in more vulnerable territorial contexts. It is concluded that the use of cannabidiol in ASD should be understood as an issue that articulates health, territory, and public policies, requiring the strengthening of scientific production, the expansion of clinical research, and the formulation of strategies aimed at promoting greater equity in access to health care.